Polymer Dispersion Effects on Drag, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer in Non-Newtonian Based Nanofluids

This article explores the influence of polymers on boundary layer flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer control non-Newtonian-based nanofluids flowing past a stretching surface. The mathematical model incorporates Oldroyd-B to analyze effects polymers, while Powell–Eyring Reiner–Philippoff viscosity models are employed study behavior non-Newtonian fluids. dispersion is adopted account for nanofluid characteristics. Appropriate transformations yield governing equations with similar forms, which solved numerically investigate impact polymer inclusion skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number. study’s findings reveal that addition leads reduction in transport enhancing drag. Detailed analysis these sheds light underlying physical mechanisms.